英语中谓语的修饰语

简单谓语，无论是动词还是动词短语，都只有状语修饰词。简单谓语可以被副词，副词短语或从句，动词不定式，副词宾语，独立主格，间接宾语和同根宾语修饰。

副词，副词短语和副词从句

• The landlord collects his rents {monthly. | on the first of every month. | when the first of the month comes.}
• We left the hall {early. | before the last speech. | while the last speech was being delivered.}

在上述每个例句中，简单谓语分别被括号内的副词，副词短语，及副词从句修饰。修饰动词的副词短语可以由关系副词或从属连词引导。

一、关系副词

• Our colonel was always found where the fighting was fiercest.
• The prisoner has not been seen since he made his escape.

二、从属连词

• Archer resigned because his health failed.
• The town lies at the base of a lofty cliff so that it is sheltered from the north wind.

三、动词不定式

可以用动词不定式修饰简单谓语。

• The fire continued to burn.
• The wind began to subside.
• Kate began to weep bitterly.
• That draughtsman seems to be remarkably skilful.

动词不定式可以包括补足语或修饰词，如最后2个例子。

四、副词宾语

简单谓语还可以用副词宾语修饰。

• I have waited ages.
• Arthur practised weeks.

副词宾语之外额外添加修饰语构成副词短语。

• Walter ran the entire distance.
• He stayed a whole day.
• I will forgive you this time.

在第一个句子中，副词短语“the entire distance”像副词一样修饰动词ran。这个短语是由名词distance，其形容词修饰语the和entire构成。

五、独立主格

也可以用独立主格修饰简单谓语。独立结构中的实词与它的修饰语一起形成副词短语。

• The ship having arrived, we all embarked.
• The bridge across the chasm being only a single tree trunk, we hesitated to attempt the passage.

在第一个句子中，副词独立短语“the ship having arrived”等同于副词介词短语“on the arrival of the ship”，并定义动词embarked表达的行动时间。

六、间接宾语

简单谓语还可以被间接宾语修饰。

• He gave me a watch. [= He gave a watch to me.]
• Tom told me the whole story. [= Tom told the whole story to me.]

这些句子中，间接宾语me，等同于介词短语，是一个状语修饰语。此外，目的服务（Objective of service）也是一个状语修饰语。

七、同根宾语

简单谓语还可以被同根宾语，或包含这种宾语的短语修饰。

• The officer looked daggers at me [= looked at me angrily].
• The shepherd sang a merry song [= sang merrily].
• The skipper laughed a scornful laugh [= laughed scornfully].

第一个例句中，同根宾语（daggers）像副词angrily一样修饰谓语动词（looked），因此它是一个状语修饰词。第二和第三个句子中，谓语动词（sang，laughed）的修饰语是由同根宾语（song, laugh）和其修饰词（a merry, a scornful）组成的副词短语。